home
***
CD-ROM
|
disk
|
FTP
|
other
***
search
/
500 MB Nyheder Direkte fra Internet 2
/
500 MB nyheder direkte fra internet CD 2.iso
/
start
/
data
/
text
/
faq-1332.txt
< prev
next >
Wrap
Text File
|
1995-05-06
|
11KB
|
321 lines
Archive-name: space/launchers
Last-modified: $Date: 95/05/01 22:20:13 $
Compilation copyright (c) 1994 by Jonathan P. Leech. This document may
be redistributed in its complete and unmodified form. Other use requires
written permission of the author.
ORBITAL AND PLANETARY LAUNCH SERVICES
Much of the following data comes from _International Reference Guide
to Space Launch Systems_ by Steven J. Isakowitz, 1991 edition. The
launcher FAQ was compiled and is maintained by Josh Hopkins. His address
is jbhopkin@uiuc.edu. Special thanks go to Wales Larrison for help with
prices and vehicle summaries at the end of the document. Feedback is
appreciated. Up to date data on number of launches or failures would
be especially useful.
Notes: * Unless otherwise specified, LEO and polar payloads
are for a 100 nm orbit.
* Reliablity data generally includes launches through Dec
1990. When applicable, reliability data for a family of
vehicles includes launches of types no longer
operational. Reliability data is subject to interpretation
and is for comparison purposes only.
* Only operational vehicle families are included. Vehicle types
which had not yet flown when the FAQ was last updated are marked
with an asterisk.
* Data on price is for comparison purposes only.
Costs for government vehicles are somewhat meaningless
and commercial prices vary from bid to bid.
Vehicle | Payload kg (lbs) | Reliability | Price
(nation) | LEO Polar GTO | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ariane 35/40 87.5%
(ESA)
AR40 4,900 3,900 1,900 1/1 $65m
(10,800) (8,580) (4,190)
AR42P 6,100 4,800 2,600 1/1 $67m
(13,400) (10,600) (5,730)
AR44P 6,900 5,500 3,000 0/0 ? $70m
(15,200) (12,100) (6,610)
AR42L 7,400 5,900 3,200 0/0 ? $90m
(16,300) (13,000) (7,050)
AR44LP 8,300 6,600 3,700 6/6 $95m
(18,300) (14,500) (8,160)
AR44L 9,600 7,700 4,200 3/4 $115m
(21,100) (16,900) (9,260)
* AR5 18,000 ??? 6,920 0/0 $105m
(39,600) (15,224)
[300nm]
Atlas 213/245 86.9%
(USA)
Atlas E -- 820 -- 15/17 $45m
(1,800)
Atlas I 5,580 4,670 2,250 1/1 $70m
(12,300) (10,300) (4,950)
Atlas II 6,395 5,400 2,680 0/0 $75m
(14,100) (11,900) (5,900)
Atlas IIA 6,760 5,715 2,810 0/0 $85m
(14,900) (12,600) (6,200)
Atlas IIAS 8,390 6,805 3,490 0/0 $115m
(18,500) (15,000) (7,700)
Delta 189/201 94.0%
(USA)
Delta 6925 3,900 2,950 1,450 14/14 $45m
(8,780) (6,490) (3,190)
Delta 7925 5,045 3,830 1,820 1/1 $50m
(11,100) (8,420) (4,000)
Energia 2/2 100%
(Russia)
Energia 88,000 80,000 ??? 2/2 $110m
(194,000) (176,000)
H series 22/22 100%
(Japan)
H-2 10,500 6,600 4,000 2/2 $160m
(23,000) (14,500) (8,800)
Kosmos 371/377 98.4%
(Russia)
Kosmos 400 km circular orbit $???
51 degrees - 1400 kg
83 degrees - 1105 kg
Lockheed Launch Vehicle 0/0
(U.S)
* LLV-1 1,100 ??? ??? $15m ?
(2,400)
* LLV-2 1,800 ??? ???
(4,000)
* LLV-3 3,600 ??? ???
(8,000)
Long March 23/25 92.0%
(China)
* CZ-1D 720 ??? 200 0/0 $10m
(1,590) (440)
CZ-2C 3,200 1,750 1,000 12/12 $20m
(7,040) (3,860) (2,200)
CZ-2E 9,200 ??? 3,370 1/1 $40m
(20,300) (7,430)
* CZ-2E/HO 13,600 ??? 4,500 0/0 $60m
(29,900) (9,900)
CZ-3 ??? ??? 1,400 6/7 $33m
(3,100)
* CZ-3A ??? ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m
(5,500)
CZ-4 4,000 ??? 1,100 2/2 $???m
(8,800) (2,430)
Pegasus/Taurus 4/4 100%
(USA)
Pegasus 455 365 125 5/6 $13.5m
(1,000) (800) (275)
Taurus 1,450 1,180 375 1/1 $15m
(3,200) (2,600) (830)
Proton 164/187 87.7%
(Russia)
Proton 20,000 ??? 5,500 164/187 $35-70m
(44,100) (12,200)
SCOUT 99/113 87.6%
(USA)
SCOUT G-1 270 210 54 13/13 $12m
(600) (460) (120)
* Enhanced SCOUT 525 372 110 0/0 $15m
(1,160) (820) (240)
Shavit 2/2 100%
(Israel)
Shavit ??? 160 ??? 2/2 $22m
(350)
Space Shuttle 37/38 97.4%
(USA)
Shuttle/SRB 23,500 ??? 5,900 37/38 [I'm not going
(51,800) (13,000) to touch the
price issue]
SLV 2/6 33.3%
(India) (400km) (900km polar)
ASLV 150 ??? ??? 0/2 $???m
(330)
PSLV 3,000 1,000 450 1/2 $???m
(6,600) (2,200) (990)
* GSLV 8,000 ??? 2,500 0/0 $???m
(17,600) (5,500)
Titan 160/172 93.0%
(USA)
Titan II ??? 1,905 ??? 2/2 $43m
(4,200)
Titan III 14,515 ??? 5,000 2/3 $158m
(32,000) (11,000) [1988$]
Titan IV/SRM 17,700 14,100 6,350 5/6 $315m-$360m
(39,000) (31,100) (14,000)
Titan IV/SRMU 21,640 18,600 8,620 0/0 $???m
(47,700) (41,000) (19,000)
Vostok 1358/1401 96.9%
(Russia) [650km]
Vostok 4,730 1,840 ??? ?/149 $14m
(10,400) (4,060)
Soyuz 7,000 ??? ??? ?/944 $15m
(15,400)
Molniya 1500kg (3300 lbs) in ?/258 $???M
Highly eliptical orbit
Zenit 12/13 92.3%
(Russia)
Zenit 13,740 11,380 4,300 12/13 $65m
(30,300) (25,090) (9,480)
The following information on other proposed launch systems is
provided by Wales Larrison. The asterisks mark vehicles which seem most
likely to make it off the drawing board.
Aerospatiale air launched (France) --study of two-stage launch
vehicle launched from Airbus-type aircraft. Reported
capable of 1000 Kg to LEO low-Earth orbit. Used M4
and M5 solid rocket boosters, and studied for
European military uses. No data since early 1992.
Probably shelved.
Argentina -- small orbital launcher, derivative of Argentinian
sounding rocket program. Some interesting rumors
that suitable large solids were poured as part of
secret military ICBM effort under military Junta rule
several years ago, but program records destroyed when
civilian government took over.
Sweden (Bofors/Saab) -- small all solid sounding rocket to use
Kiruna launch range in northern Sweden. Probably
subsumed into IMI effort (Saab is teamed on Orbex).
No data for several years.
TRW -- Proposed development of launch vehicle using pressure-fed
"dumb" boosters. Studied extensively at TRW in late
1960's and revived in late 1980's. Rumors of
company-funded propulsion tests. Rumors this is
being proposed as joint program with GDC or MDC for
upgrade in MLV-3 proposal effort. -- Lots of rumors
but no solid data that this is real program.
OrbEx - Small all solid vehicle. "ORBital EXpress". CTA had a contract
with BMDO for these vehicle, but it was cancelled. CTA has put
the project on hold.
PacAstro - Little data. Estimate $5-10 M per launch. All
solid, very small launcher. PacAstro now has three contracts
with KITcom of Australia, worth about $10 million. The PA-2
is advertised as carrying 750 lbs to orbit for $6 million
dollars.
* Russian ICBM derivatives -- Several proposed, usually SS-18 or
SS-25 derivatives. Would used converted strategic
ICBMs to launch small payloads. Bid on several
international smallsat launchers. Political
concerns due to use for MCTR and number of launches
tightly regulated by START treaties and verification
activities. Prices discussed are absolute rock-
bottom.
[There is also converted SLBM called the "Surf" which
seems likely to make it off the drawing boards]
Space Clipper (NPO Yuznoye - Ukraine) - Proposed derivative of
SS-18 utilizing air-launched ICBM as first stage of
orbital launcher for small sats. Used AN-124
aircraft as carrier. Extensively publicized as part
of IAF. 500 Kg into LEO. No customers, no contracts.
SEALAR (Sea Eagle) - Mobile SEA LAunched Rocket. Supported by
Navy Research lab funding. Estimated cost $ 10
M/launch. Projected first launch data of 1996
(dependent upon NRL funding) Bob Truax company.
Suborbital test planned.
Sonda IV (Brazil)- Small orbital launcher derivative. Project appears
to be on indefinite hold for political reasons.
Zefiro (Italy) - Small launcher derivative of Scout vehicle,
utilizing new solid booster. From Gilarini in Italy.
Cost unknown. Proposed to be ready for qual flights
in late 1995.
* J-1 (Japan) - Small all-solid launcher from NASDA H-2 solid
boosters combined with M-3S II solids from ISAS
launcher program. Paper by Tateu Hosomura of Nissan
Motor Co., Japan's principal solid- booster
manufacturer, at IAF claimed first flight in mid-
1995. Capable of 900 kilograms in LEO, with growth to
2000 Kg. Believed funded in 1993 NASDA/ISAS budget.
Aussroc (Australia) - Eventual derivative of small indigenous
sounding rocket currently being test fired. Last
sounding rocket test failed. Probably 5-10 years
away for orbital launch attempt if not fully funded
by national government (currently shared industry/
university/ government). Would use old Woomera
launch range.
Bristol (Canada) - Proposed small launcher, based upon Black
Brant series of sounding rockets. Proposed
development program to be shared with Canadian Space
Agency. 500 lb to LEO class launcher. Requires
development of new solid booster by Bristol.
Capricornia (Spain) - small 3 stage booster. Project canceled.
* COMET/Conestoga -- small all solid vehicle being developed to
launch the COMET orbital launch/return payload
system. COMET has been subject to signifcant cost overruns
and delays. EER is marketing Conestoga for other missions as
well, but does not appear to have been very sucessful.